Companies are more than ever confronted with the dilemma between the gradual resumption of activity and their obligation to ensure the safety of their employees returning to that activity.
Some companies and associations have continued to operate while others have implemented the measures prescribed by the government: telework, imposed paid holiday and rest days, partial activity or furlough. Nevertheless, with a potential end to the lockdown announced for 11 May, companies must now consider all the necessary measures to take in order to resume their activity whilst respecting their safety obligations as employers.
Recent developments in legal case concerning companies that have continued to operate during the lockdown are instructive and suggest that judges will exercise a particularly strict control in the matter of employer liability.
In the cases of ADAR, La Poste, Carrefour Market and Amazon, these companies were condemned by the judges for both an absence of adequate risk assessments in the context of a pandemic, an insufficient consultation with employees after consultation with the CSE, and equally, the inadequacy of the measures taken in direct contravention of the provisions of Articles L.4121-1 et seq. of the Labour Code.
The Court of Appeal of Versailles has just confirmed the decision of the first instance by further ordering the companies concerned to "perform with the involvement of staff representatives, a full assessment of the occupational risks inherent in the Covid-19 epidemic" within 24 hours, whilst loosening the ruling by both adding a precise list of items qualified as essential products, and reducing the penalty payment initially set at 1 million euros to that of 100,000 euros per day and per infraction observed.
La Poste was also condemned for not taking into consideration the risks directly related to the return of its support functions for the future reopening of its activity and branches.
In the present context and conditions how can a plan for the end of lockdown be prepared? What can be learnt from these first court rulings in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic?
La Poste was also condemned for not taking into consideration the risks directly related to the return of its support functions for the future reopening of its activity and branches.
Employers have the obligation to carry out a proper and comprehensive assessment in the context of a pandemic and take substantial, specific, varied and appropriate measures for the sector and the positions concerned of the company.
The preparation of a plan for the end of lockdown as part of a Business Continuity Plan (BCP) as well as the updating of the DUER are both essential in order to assure compliance with security obligations and to allow a gradual resumption of the company's activity.
These decisions clarify certain points concerning the risks to be included in the document.
These risks must be assessed according to the different sites, work areas, positions, and go beyond the simple provision of hydroalcoholic gel or masks. They include:
This list is of course not exhaustive and is not applicable to all companies as the different risks must be assessed on the basis of a company's establishments.
The decisions made show that the prevention document “DUER” must go beyond the few measures provided and communicated by the government; barrier gestures, stocks of hydroalcoholic gel, provision of masks are no longer sufficient on their own.
The courts have highlighted the need to include the staff representative bodies in any measures taken by the company to deal with Covid-19 and not just those which focus on employee safety. Indeed, although the consultation of these bodies is not mandatory for all the measures taken by an employer, the nature of the present health crisis implies that for all the effective measures to combat the spread of ovid-19 and to ensure the safety of employees these should be taken in consultation with the CSE.
The question of proof is all the more important as the ruling against Amazon insists on the need to provide documentary evidence: consultations with staff representative bodies, any agreements or disagreement, minutes of meetings, written communication of measures to employees, proof of posting. Actually, dating such written evidence in order to strengthen proof is also essential in anticipation of any possible litigation resulting from the resumption of the company's activity.
The employer is required to raise awareness and train employees where necessary in instructions of hygiene and the use of protective methods, and more notably through practical exercises.
The employer must also inform and raise the awareness of all employees concerning prevention, and in particular with regard to the individual reporting of any risks of contagion which must then be strictly controlled. In order to anticipate any potential issues of liability, companies must keep as supporting documentation any written instructions and provide proof of the training courses that are organised.
Do not hesitate to involve the occupational doctor and the company's health services who will be key players in assessing the risks and in planning the most appropriate measures to be taken.
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