Following the publication of the Finance Act for 2024 on 30 December, we outline below some of the more significant measures of interest to individual taxpayers in France.
Revaluation of income tax brackets in 2023 (+4.8%)
The withholding tax on income: the introduction of individualised tax rates by default
As from 1 September 2025, couples subject until now to joint taxation will have an individualised withholding tax rate applied by default and based on the individual income of each partner in the couple. One single tax rate on the joint income can still be applied should this be requested by the two partners.
Launch of the “Plan d'Epargne Avenir Climat” (PEAC) a savings plan resolutely ecological in its purpose
Created in October 2023 by the French Green Industry Act, this new savings plan will come into effect no later than 1 July 2024. The Finance Act for 2024 provides for an exemption from income tax and social security contributions on the income generated by this savings plan.
As a reminder, the PEAC savings plan is reserved for young people under the age of 21 and who are resident in France for tax purposes. Their savings will be used to purchase financial securities that contribute to financing ecological transition. Withdrawals or buybacks will be possible provided the holder is over 18 and that the savings plan was opened more than five years before.
Furnished tourist accommodation: lower threshold and smaller tax allowance
Under the French tax regime for industrial and commercial profits the “micro-BIC” regime, an allowance is applied to revenues from the renting out of tourist accommodation. For non-classified furnished tourist accommodation, the tax regime applied the allowance by default if turnover for N-1 or N-2 was less than €77,700. The new Finance Act lowers this threshold to €15,000. Moreover, where the allowance was previously 50% this has now been reduced to 30%.
For furnished tourist accommodation which is formally classified as such, an additional allowance of 21% can be applied in certain geographical areas where there is a marked imbalance between the supply and demand, and where the revenues for the previous year do not exceed €15,000.
Wealth tax on property: a change in the valuation method for indirect holdings
The new Finance Act introduces a major change to be implemented as from 2024 on the wealth tax on property.
In the case of indirect holdings, shares in a company will now be subject to the wealth tax on property for their representative value of the property assets or rights. With the exception of those debts that were excluded by virtue of the rules against tax avoidance (Article 973 II of the General Tax Code), it had previously been possible to include debts contracted by the company in the calculation of the wealth tax on property even if they were unrelated to the acquisition of the property.
The principle is therefore to now exclude debts that do not relate to the taxable asset.
A first ceiling will act as a safeguard clause to avoid the imposition of taxation on a basis which is higher than the real value of the assets. The value subject to wealth tax on property may not exceed:
The aim of this amendment is to harmonise the rules for valuing direct and indirect holdings. A few additional steps will be necessary in the restatements to be made for indirect holdings.
Transfer of family businesses under the « Pacte Dutreil »: exclusion of property rental activities
The Finance Act amends the definition of a commercial activity in the General Tax Code to be in line with the position already taken by the French tax authorities.
The business activities of furnished rental accommodation, or the rental of commercial property with the operating equipment required, are not eligible for the exemption from transfer duties as provided for under the preferential Dutreil tax regime. The business activity of managing one's own fixed or immovable assets is also expressly excluded.
Businesses whare a mixed civil and commercial activity is operated may benefit from this tax regime if said mixed activity is indeed the principal activity.
Holding companies that manage their group, as defined in the new Article 787 B of the general Tax Code, can benefit from the Dutreil regime if their principal business activity is the management of a group comprising companies which carry out an eligible activity.
Exit tax: strengthening of sanctions
Where an event gives rise to a tax relief or refund, a specific tax return must be filed for the following year (cases such as the transfer of tax residence to France, an inheritance of gift, death, retention of shares for the required period)
Failure to file this return had not until now given rise to any penalties.
Henceforth, the failure to file this tax return will result in the liability to pay the exit tax.
Inheritance of assets: the non-deductibility of quasi-usufruct debt
In cases where a separate gift of a sum of money had been made, the assets later inherited were reduced by this sum given in bare ownership. In addition to this, the usufructuary retained full ownership of the gifted sum free of tax.
From now on, this sum of previously gifted money is no longer tax deductible from the inherited assets of the estate.
With the exception of:
The amount of the inherited assets recovered on death will be subject to inheritance tax, after deduction of any inheritance tax paid on gifts.
The higher tax reduction rate of 25% under the IR-PME (responsible investment scheme) is extended
The higher tax reduction rate for investments made in socially responsible companies and socially responsible property companies is extended.
The tax reduction rate under the IR-PME for young innnovative businesses
A tax reduction of 30% for investments made in young innovative companies (with a maximum investment of €75,000 for a single taxpayer, €150,000 for a couple).
A tax reduction of 50% for investments made in young innovative research companies (with a maximum investment of €50,000 for a single taxpayer, €100,000 for a couple).
Overall multi-annual ceiling: a maximum reduction of €50,000 between 2024 and 2028 per tax household.
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